医学英语Talk show节目第二十五期
New Strain May Make a Common Bacterial Illness More Severe
新菌种可能加重普通细菌感染
Illness related to C. difficile, a bacterium commonly found in hospitals, is becoming more widespread, more severe, and harder to treat, reports the April 2007 issue of Harvard Women’s Health Watch. Health experts are worried that a new, more virulent strain may be to blame.
据《哈佛大学妇女健康观察》2007年4月刊报道，难辨梭状芽胞杆菌一种常见的院内菌，所引起的疾病正变得越来越广泛、严重且难以治疗。卫生专家考虑这归咎于一种毒力更强的新菌种。
Certain strains of C. difficile produce toxins that attack the cells lining the colon. Those strains can cause symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe colitis if they enter the gastrointestinal tract of a person who is taking antibiotics. Although antibiotics kill off many types of harmful bacteria, they can also wipe out the good bugs in the large intestine that keep C. difficile in check.
难辨梭状芽胞杆菌的某些菌株产生的毒素可侵袭结肠细胞，那些菌株一旦进入了正在服用抗生素患者的胃肠道，便能引起从轻微腹泻到严重结肠炎的各种症状。尽管抗生素杀死了多种有害菌，但是它们也能清除大肠内抑制难辨梭状芽胞杆菌的有益菌。
Most people exposed to C. difficile will not get sick from it, nor will most people who take antibiotics. The risk is higher for patients who are older, spend more time in the hospital, and are treated for a longer period with antibiotics. You can help limit the spread if you learn the risk factors and take some precautions. The Harvard Women’s Health Watch recommends these steps:
大部分暴露于难辨梭状芽胞杆菌下的人群并不会因此得病，而且大部分服用抗生素的人群也不会。但这种危险性在老年患者、长期住院患者以及接受长期抗生素治疗的患者中凸显。一旦认识到这些危险因素并采取防范措施将有助于控制疾病的蔓延。《哈佛大学妇女健康观察》建议采取以下步骤：
• Wash your hands thoroughly after visiting a hospital. Use soap and water; alcohol-based hand gels do not kill C. difficile.
探病后使用肥皂和清水彻底洗手，酒精类洗手液不能杀死难辨梭状芽胞杆菌；
• If you’ve been taking antibiotics and you develop watery diarrhea and abdominal pain, see your clinician right away.
如果你已经服用了抗生素且出现了水样泻和腹痛，请立即就医；
• Take antibiotics exactly as prescribed. They are of no use in treating colds and other viral diseases.
正确服用抗生素，它们对感冒或其他病毒性疾病无效；
• Sometimes you need to be in a hospital. But as soon as you feel well enough, ask if home health care is an option for you
有时你需要住院，但是当你觉得身体状况有所好转之后，应询问能否改为家庭护理。
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